Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed a new technique called diffraction casting that could help overcome challenges in optical computing. Optical computing uses photons instead of electrons to process data and perform calculations, offering the potential for faster and more energy-efficient computing compared to current electronic methods. The demand for advanced computing technology is increasing with the rise of quantum computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud gaming.
However, electronic systems are nearing their theoretical limits in terms of speed and efficiency. Optical computing is seen as a promising alternative, but it has faced numerous technical challenges. Diffraction casting improves upon an older concept called shadow casting by utilizing the natural behaviors of light, such as diffraction and spreading.
This allows for more flexible and compact optical elements. Ryoichi Horisaki, an associate professor at UTokyo and one of the study authors, explains that diffraction casting leverages the properties of light waves rather than relying on physical shapes or structures to manipulate light.
Optical computing advances with diffraction
The research team has successfully tested diffraction casting for image processing through numerical simulations, using small 16-by-16 pixel black-and-white images. While the results are promising, diffraction casting is not expected to fully replace electronic computing. Instead, it is seen as a complementary technology that could share the workload of electronic systems, particularly in areas like machine learning and quantum computing.
Ryosuke Mashiko, the lead study author, emphasizes that diffraction casting is an additional component rather than a complete replacement for existing systems. Electronic systems will continue to play a foundational role in global digital infrastructure. It may take a decade or more for diffraction casting to become commercially viable.
The research was published in the journal Advanced Photonics. The breakthrough in diffraction casting represents a significant step forward in the field of optical computing and could help address the growing demand for faster and more efficient computing technology.
